CORona Drug InTEractions database

Chloroquine

Description:

"Chloroquine is an aminoquinolone derivative first developed in the 1940s for the treatment of malaria. It was the drug of choice to treat malaria until the development of newer antimalarials such as pyrimethamine, artemisinin, and mefloquine. Chloroquine and its derivative hydroxychloroquine have since been repurposed for the treatment of a number of other conditions including HIV, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine was granted FDA Approval on 31 October 1949." Drugbank Ingredients: Chloroquine phosphate Chloroquine sulfate Chloroquine hydrochloride

PubChem: 2719

DrugBank: DB00608

ATC: P01BA01

Related interactions

Target	Drug	Type	Result
RNA dependent RNA polymerase	Chloroquine
Unspecific	Chloroquine
Unspecific	Chloroquine
3C-like protease	Chloroquine
Papain-like proteinases 1/2	Chloroquine
RNA dependent RNA polymerase	Chloroquine
Unspecific	Chloroquine
Unspecific	Chloroquine
NTD-N-protein	Chloroquine
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Chloroquine
3C-like protease	Chloroquine
Spike glycoprotein	Chloroquine

Related publications

Title	Author	Type
Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).	Liying Dong, Shasha Hu, Jianjun Gao
Chloroquine diphosphate in two different dosages as adjunctive therapy of hospitalized patients with severe respiratory syndrome in the context of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection: Preliminary safety results of a randomized, double-blinded, phase I	Mayla Borba, Fernando de Almeida Val, Vanderson Sousa Sampaio, Marcia Araujo Alexandre, Gisely Cardoso Melo, Marcelo Brito, Maria Mourao, Jose Diego Brito Sousa, djane Baia-da-Silva, Marcus Vinitius F
FDA approved drugs with broad anti-coronaviral activity inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro	Stuart Weston, Rob Haupt, James Logue, Krystal Matthews, Matthew B. Frieman
Prioritisation of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug repurposing opportunities based on ability to achieve adequate target site concentrations derived from their established human pharmacokinetics	Usman Arshad, Henry Pertinez, Helen Box, Lee Tatham, Rajith KR Rajoli, Paul Curley, Megan Neary, Joanne Sharp, Neill J Liptrott, Anthony Valentijn, Christopher David, Steve P Rannard, Paul O'Neill, Ghaith Aljayyoussi, Shaun Pennington, Stephen A Ward, David J Back, Saye H Khoo, Patrick G Bray, Giancarlo Biagini, Andrew Owen
Identification of antiviral drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2 from FDA-approved drugs	Jeon, Sangeun and Ko, Meehyun and Lee, Jihye and Choi, Inhee and Byun, Soo Young and Park, Soonju and Shum, David and Kim, Seungtaek
Associations of clinical characteristics and antiviral drugs with viral RNA clearance in patients with COVID-19 in Guangzhou, China: a retrospective cohort study	Xudan Chen, Yang Zhang, Baoyi Zhu, Jianwen Zeng, Wenxin Hong, Xi He, Jingfeng Chen, Haipeng Zheng, Shuang Qiu, Ying Deng, Juliana Chan, Jian Wang
Computational Molecular Docking and Virtual Screening Revealed Promising SARS-CoV-2 Drugs	Maryam Hosseini, Wanqiu Chen Charles Wang
Treatments for COVID-19: emerging drugs against the coronavirus	Francesco Potì, Cristina Pozzoli , Maristella Adami, Enzo Poli, Lucio G. Costa
Old and re-purposed drugs for the treatment of COVID-19	Shio-Shin Jean, Po-Ren Hsueh
A comprehensive review on drug repositioning against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19)	Maryam Rameshrad, Majid Ghafoori, Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour, Mohammad Javad Dehghan Nayeri & Hossein Hosseinzadeh
COVID-19: An Update about the Discovery Clinical Trial	Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde
The Use of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Implications: Understanding Safety Discrepancies to Improve Interpretation and Design of Clinical Trials	Ohad Oren, Eric H. Yang, Ty J. Gluckman, Erin D. Michos, Roger S. Blumenthal, Bernard J. Gersh
Accelerating drug development through repurposed FDA approved drugs for COVID-19: speed is important, not haste	James T. Gordy, Kaushiki Mazumdar, Noton K. Dutta
Review of trials currently testing treatment and prevention of COVID-19.	P. C. Fragkou, D. Belhadi, N. Peiffer-Smadja, C. D. Moschopoulos, F. X. Lescure, H. Janocha, E. Karofylakis, Y. Yazdanpanah, F. Mentré, C. Skevaki, C. Laouénan, S. Tsiodras
Effect and safety of combination of interferon alpha-2b and gamma or interferon alpha-2b for negativization of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA. Preliminary results of a randomized controlled clinical trial.	Esquivel-Moynelo Idelsis, Perez-Escribano Jesus, Duncan-Robert Yaquelin, Vazquez-Blonquist Dania, Bequet-Romero Monica, Baez-Rodriguez Lisandra, Castro-Rios Jesus, Cobas Cervantes Lisbeth, Page-Calvet Ernesto, Travieso-Perez Saily, Martinez-Suarez Claudia, Campa-Legra Ivan, Fernandez-Masso Julio Raul, Camacho-Rodriguez Hamlet, Diaz-Galvez Marisol, Sin-Mayor Adriana, Garcia-Sanchez Maura, Martinez-Martin Sara Maria, Alonso-Valdes Marel, Hernandez-Bernal Francisco, Nodarse-Cuni Hugo, Bello-Garcia
Docking study of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine interaction with RNA binding domain of nucleocapsid phospho-protein – an in silico insight into the comparative efficacy of repurposing antiviral drugs	Muhammad Amin, Ghazanfar Abbas
Antimalarial drugs inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2: An in vitro evaluation	Mathieu Gendrot, Julien Andreani, Manon Boxberger, Priscilla Jardot, Isabelle Fonta, Marion Le Bideau, Isabelle Duflot, Joel Mosnier, Clara Rolland, Hervé Bogreau, Sébastien Hutter, Bernard La Scola, BrunoPradines
Identify potent SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors via accelerated free energy perturbation-based virtual screening of existing drugs	Zhe Li, Xin Li, Yi-You Huang, Yaoxing Wu, Runduo Liua, Lingli Zhou, Yuxi Lin, Deyan Wu, Lei Zhang, Hao Liu, Ximing Xu, Kunqian Yu, Yuxia Zhang, Jun Cui, Chang-Guo Zhan, Xin Wang, Hai-Bin Luo
Identifying Effective Antiviral Drugs Against SARS-CoV-2 by Drug Repositioning Through Virus-Drug Association Prediction	Lihong Peng, Xiongfei Tian, Ling Shen, Ming Kuang, Tianbao Li, Geng Tian, Jialiang Yang, Liqian Zhou
Repurposing potential of FDA‐approved and investigational drugs for COVID‐19 targeting SARS‐CoV‐2 spike and main protease and validation by machine learning algorithm	Akalesh Kumar Verma, Rohit Aggarwal
Anti-malarial Drugs are Not Created Equal for SARS-CoV-2 Treatment: A Computational Analysis Evidence	Simone Ronsisvalle, Federica Panarello, Rosaria Di Mauro, Renato Bernardini, Giovanni Li Volti, Giuseppina Cantarella
In vitro evaluation of antiviral activity of single and combined repurposable drugs against SARS-CoV-2	Andrés Pizzorno, Blandine Padey, Julia Dubois, Thomas Julien, Aurélien Traversier, Victoria Dulière, Pauline Bruna, Bruno Lina, Manuel Rosa-Calatrava, Olivier Terriera
Screening of Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine and its derivatives for their binding affinity to multiple SARS-CoV-2 protein drug targets	Mallikarjuna Nimgampalle, Vasudharani Devanathan, Ambrish Saxena

Target	Target affiliation	Drug	Type	Result
Target	Target affiliation	Drug	Type	Result

Name	Synonyms	Genes	Origin
Name	Synonyms	Genes	Origin

Name	Synonyms	PubChem	DrugBank	RCSB PDB	ATC
Name	Synonyms	PubChem	DrugBank	RCSB PDB	ATC

Title	Authors	DOI	Source	Article type	Date
Title	Authors	DOI	Source	Article type	Date

Title	Status	Phases	Start Date	Prim. Comp. Date	Comp. Date	First Post. Date
Title	Status	Phases	Start Date	Prim. Comp. Date	Comp. Date	First Post. Date

CORDITE (CORona Drug InTEractions database) collects and aggregates data from PubMed, MedRxiv, BioRxiv, ChemRxiv and PMC for SARS-CoV-2. Its main focus is set on drug interactions either addressing viral proteins or human proteins that could be used to treat COVID. It collects and provides up-to-date information on computational predictions, in vitro, as well as in vivo study data.

The information provided is for research only and we cannot guarantee the correctness of the data.

Please contact dominik.heider@uni-muenster.de for further information.

Programmable access

There is an open API for access programmatically to the database. The API will print a JSON output:

Interactions

https://cordite-api.uni-muenster.de/api.php?action=list&table=interaction

Targets

https://cordite-api.uni-muenster.de/api.php?action=list&table=target

Drugs

https://cordite-api.uni-muenster.de/api.php?action=list&table=drug

Publications

https://cordite-api.uni-muenster.de/api.php?action=list&table=publication

Clinical trials

https://cordite-api.uni-muenster.de/api.php?action=list&table=clinical_trial